Here, are pictures of these metal components.
Crimp beads are used only when you are stringing with stainless steel wire (Soft Flex, Tiger Tail for example).
You make a loop and flatten the crimp bead with a flat nose or crimping pliers.
The loop will be attached to a jump ring or a clasp.
The loop can be "embellished" with French wire/bullion.
It comes in different sizes and finishes.
French wire/bullion

French bullion is usually used for stringing or knotting with nylon, silk or cotton thread.
It is strung in the thread, fold it and make a loop with a knot.
It makes secure loops ( threads break with time) and finishes neatly a jewelry.
Click here to see how to finish a jewelry with stainless steel wire.
Bead tip/cup bead tip or half bead tip
Bead tip for bead/ pearl is used for finishes with any kind of thread.
They are used to hide a knots at the end of beaded strands. Knots are hidden and secure inside the "ball". The loop part will be folded (round nose plier) and flatten(flat nose plier) to a jump ring or a clasp.
If you are using bead tips with wire thread, you will need to use a crimp bead to secure the thread before closing the cups together.
Half cup bead is usually smaller than a regular bead tip and is used when you are stringing small gemstones or beads.
Look at the video to see how to use a bead tip.
Cord tips, coils end caps
These cord tips are used for cord, snake chain, feathers.
This is a flat cord tip. It comes in different sizes and finishes. Great for ribbon.
See an example here.
These are different metal elements for cord finishes. The cord is sealed into the cord tip with glue.